Note: if the screenshot shows any work that is not a direct result of the program code itself, such as a text or graphics that are not part of the program, the license for that work must be indicated separately. LGPL GNU Lesser General Public License true true See version 2.1 and version 3 of the GNU Lesser General Public License for more details. This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but without any warranty without even the implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. This library is free software you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. Free of Charge Minetest is developed by an international network of volunteer developers. Its available to be downloaded in SVG and PNG formats. In the single-player mode, you have two options: play in normal mode or use the creative one. In Minetest, everything is original, so you are not dealing with a copy, but with a free open-source game without ads. ![]() You may use it freely according to its particular license. This open source icon is named minetest and is licensed under the open source CC0 license. Dec 30th, 2022 Older versions Advertisement Minetest is a block and voxel game similar to 'Minecraft'. ![]() This screenshot either does not contain copyright-eligible parts or visuals of copyrighted software, or the author has released it under a free license (which should be indicated beneath this notice), and as such follows the licensing guidelines for screenshots of Wikimedia Commons.
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![]() Patients were followed for a median of 28 months. surgical) and use of clopidogrel, which was administered at the treating physician’s discretion. ![]() Patients were stratified by revascularization procedure type (endovascular vs. Patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio and received either the XARELTO ® vascular dose (2.5 mg twice daily plus aspirin 100 mg once daily) (n=3,286) or aspirin alone (100 mg once daily) (n=3,278). The Phase 3 VOYAGER PAD study included 6,564 patients from 542 sites across 34 countries worldwide. XARELTO ® acts on a dual pathway inhibition (DPI) approach to target both clotting mechanisms, thrombin and platelet activation. The XARELTO ® vascular dose is the first and only approved anticoagulant for PAD. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved an expanded PAD indication for the XARELTO ® vascular dose (2.5 mg twice daily plus aspirin 100 mg once daily) to include patients following a recent LER due to symptomatic PAD. “At Janssen, we remain steadfast in our commitment to advance science that can transform cardiovascular care for all.” “These findings provide additional insights on the proven clinical utility of XARELTO ® for people living with PAD, particularly those who have undergone lower extremity revascularization,” said Avery Ince, M.D., Ph.D., Vice President, Medical Affairs, Cardiovascular & Metabolism, Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC. The hazard ratio for the rate of thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) major bleeding at 0 to 90 days was HR 2.01 (range 0.9-4.47) and from days 91 up to three years was HR 1.28 (range 0.82-1.99), neither of which were statistically significant. ![]() 2.10%, respectively, and 4.3% and 5.7% from 91 days to three years). XARELTO ® plus aspirin was more effective than antiplatelet therapy alone in preventing acute limb ischemia after LER (Kaplan-Meier estimate from 0 to 90 days 1.02% vs. 1 Those treated with XARELTO ® plus aspirin after LER saw a 33 percent reduction in acute limb ischemia, with a trend toward greater benefit observed early (≤30 days HR=0.45 95% CI, 0.24–0.85) versus late (>90 days HR=0.75 95% CI 0.60-0.95). “We hope these data assist clinicians in understanding how to implement antithrombotic therapy in practice and overall support initiation of rivaroxaban in the first days after revascularization regardless of whether or not DAPT is utilized.”įollowing LER, patients with PAD are four times more likely to experience acute limb ischemia, or a rapid decrease in lower limb blood flow, which is often associated with long hospitalizations and high incidences of amputation, disability, and death unless appropriate treatment is given. Bonaca **, M.D., Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. “These data demonstrate an evolution in the medical therapy of patients undergoing lower extremity revascularization for symptomatic peripheral artery disease, where the addition of low dose rivaroxaban to antiplatelet therapy results in a 33 percent reduction in major adverse limb events both early and late and with a consistently favorable benefit risk,” said Marc P. These latest XARELTO ® data were presented at the American College of Cardiology’s 72nd Annual Scientific Session (ACC.23), hosted in New Orleans, Louisiana, March 4-6, 2023. This analysis of the VOYAGER PAD study showed XARELTO ® plus aspirin resulted in a 33 percent reduction in acute limb ischemia and a 15 percent reduction in major adverse limb and cardiovascular events, with or without dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). Lower extremity revascularization, also called peripheral revascularization, is a procedure that restores blood flow in blocked arteries or veins. TITUSVILLE, NJ, Ma– The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson today announced data from a new prespecified analysis from the Phase 3 VOYAGER PAD clinical trial reinforcing the benefits of the XARELTO ® (rivaroxaban) vascular dose (2.5 mg twice daily plus aspirin 100 mg once daily) over standard of care (aspirin alone), demonstrating consistent benefit at 30 days, 90 days and up to three years following LER in patients with PAD. ![]() The management staff of the company underwent a transition in 2015, starting with Gary Griffiths’ appointment to the roles of CEO and President. The business released the initial iteration of its cloud-based technology, iPass Open Mobile, in January 2010. During Kaplan’s time there, the company started to create a platform for the delivery of its new enterprise mobility services. By the end of 2007, overall revenues had increased to $192 million.Įvan Kaplan was chosen by the business to succeed Denman as CEO and President in 2008. iPass showed year-end revenue increase despite dropping sales from the company’s original dial-up operation in the midst of these acquisitions. In order to advance this endeavor, iPass bought two businesses in 2004: Mobile Automation, which specialized in mobile device administration, and Safe3w, which created unique dynamic device “fingerprinting” technology.Ī former competition in the corporate remote access industry, GoRemote Internet Communications, was purchased by iPass two years later. The company started a policy orchestration program in 2004 to incorporate patch management, remote and mobile computer evaluation, and remediation into its connectivity platform. The company successfully issued its IPO in July 2003, raising more than $100 million. In 2001, Kenneth Denman succeeded Mansouri as president and chief executive officer. Mansouri, who held those positions from 1999 to 2001. Case is not relevant in this sector.Ĭhris Moore started iPass in January 1996 he was later succeeded as CEO, Chairman, and President by Michael H. Any question with up to 50 characters may be entered. If you forget your login or password, you can get it back by answering a security question. How to Create Security Questions Ipass Logins Uppercase and lowercase letters, one or more digits, one or more special characters (such as!, #, or $), and at least eight characters total make up your password. The characters A-Z, 0-9, as well as the underscore (_), hyphen (-), and period are permitted in your username, which must have at least four characters (.). If your company does not have a FEIN enter the driver’s license number registered on the account.Commercial accounts should use their Federal Employer Identification Number (FEIN) in place of a driver’s license number.All driver’s licenses issued in Illinois start with the initial letter of your last name. Your driver’s license or FEIN should only have letters and numbers any spaces or other special characters should be omitted. How to Enter Driver’s LicenseI-PASS Account Online ![]() Do not use any dashes, letters, spaces, or other special characters, only leading zeros. The number has eleven digits and starts with 015. Your transponder’s transponder number can be found above the barcode. Or you can find it on the transponder activation label if you bought your I-PASS at Jewel or Road Ranger. Your account number can be found on the receipt that was included with your I-PASS order. How can I find my account Number I-PASS Account Online Log in to your account using the username and password you just created. Set you username, password, security question and answer.Ħ. Enter the driver’s license number that is recorded on the I-PASS account.Ĥ. Enter your account number or transponder number.ģ. The 2023 Overwatch League season kicks off with a Pro-Am tournament that begins on March 23 and will include West Region teams as well as select Overwatch Contenders teams. After a four year hiatus, the Overwatch World Cup is back, ready to crown a new champion in 2023. The team is rounded out with a 2022 Overwatch League champion, tank Lee “Fearless” Euiseok. Duran Activision Blizzard kicked off its first geo-affiliated esports league in 2017 and quickly caught attention that persists to this day. Overwatch 2 is a free-to-play, team-based action game set in the optimistic future, where every match is the ultimate 5v5 battlefield brawl. The regular season began on and ended on October 22. Contrasted to the first four seasons, which was played on the video game Overwatch, the season was played on an early build of Overwatch 2. Includes match schedules, live streams, standings, team and player. Viol2t and Shu will join the only 2022 Outlaws holdover, DPS Oh “Pelican” Se-hyun, as well as another former Gladiator in hitscan Lee “Happy” Jung-woo. A guide to: Overwatch League sponsors, past and present H.B. The 2022 Overwatch League season was the fifth season of the Overwatch League (OWL), a professional esports league. Follow the action in the worlds premier esports league with the Overwatch League mobile app. The team isn’t technically complete since six players need to be signed “prior to season start,” but Houston is set for the five-player deadline of March 13. The team will be well-prepared if the meta evolves to require a dual flex support setup in the future. Nate's vision for the Overwatch League was different, a local-global hybrid: teams based in particular cities, competing in one game, in one league that. It appears Viol2t will likely continue his role as a Lúcio expert in Houston, considering former Los Angeles Gladiators flex support Kim “Shu” Jin-seo is also on the roster. He briefly played Cassidy for San Francisco, jumping into the DPS position as the meta changed, and ended up learning Lúcio to give the team more healing in the backline. Though he was originally known for his flex support prowess, on heroes like Ana and Zenyatta, Viol2t is one of the few Overwatch League players known to hop around both roles and heroes due to his flexibility. Among others, top flight Overwatch, League of Legends, Dota 2, Rainbow Six Siege and Rocket League teams all pay their players a regular salary meaning. Viol2t was a key part of both the Shock’s championship seasons in 20. He was a constant sight in the starting position, known for his dominance on flex support heroes. Overwatch League (OWL) is the premier professional esports league for Overwatch, organized by Blizzard Entertainment. ![]() Viol2t spent the last four years as a part of the San Francisco Shock, joining in late 2018 from Contenders team O2 Ardeont. ![]() ![]() Please welcome to #OutlawsNation! /9szh6jLtxM- Houston Outlaws February 20, 2023 For us at ULT, Overwatch League has always been a beacon for diversity and inclusivity, celebrating a beautiful global community. ![]() system (Strength, Perception, Endurance, Charisma, Intelligence, Agility, and Luck) which is retained in Fallout 3, and determines the base level of the Skills the character has. Next, they customize their character's primary attributes via the S.P.E.C.I.A.L. The character's creation is done in steps, with the player first setting up their appearance along with what race and gender their character is, and the name they have. In Fallout 3, players get to use the Pip-Boy 3000, as shown here.Ĭharacter creation is done through a tutorial prologue that encompasses the different ages of the player's character, which also covers tutorials on movement, the HUD, combat, interactions with the game world, and the use of the Pip-Boy 3000. The Pip-Boy wrist computer remains a key feature in the series for the character menus. system, and the types of enemy encountered, major elements in the combat system are added, changed, or removed.Ĭharacter creation and attributes While many elements from previous titles are reused, such as the S.P.E.C.I.A.L. The players have the option to switch between this and an "over-the-shoulder" third-person perspective at any time after the initial stages of the game. Unlike previous titles of the series, Fallout 3 is played from the first-person perspective. The fourth major installment in the Fallout series, Fallout 4, was released in 2015. The game was followed by spin-off Fallout: New Vegas, developed by Obsidian Entertainment in 2010. The game was met with controversy upon release in Australia, for the recreational drug use and the ability to be addicted to alcohol and other drugs, and in India, for cultural and religious sentiments over the mutated cattle in the game being called Brahmin, a varna (class) in Hinduism. The game received post-launch support, with Bethesda releasing five downloadable add-ons. Fallout 3 sold more than Bethesda's previous game, The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion and shipped almost 5 million copies in its first week. Government that seeks to use it for their own purposes.įallout 3 was met with universal acclaim and received a number of Game of the Year awards, praising the game's open-ended gameplay and flexible character-leveling system, and is considered one of the best video games ever made. They find themselves seeking to complete their father's work while fighting against the Enclave, the corrupt remnants of the former U.S. Players take control of an inhabitant of Vault 101, one of several underground shelters created before the Great War to protect around 1,000 humans from the nuclear fallout, who is forced to venture out into the Capital Wasteland to find their father after he disappears from the Vault under mysterious circumstances. The main story takes place in the year 2277, around 36 years after the events of Fallout 2, of which it is not a direct sequel. It takes place within Fallout 's usual setting of a world that deviated into an alternate timeline thanks to atomic age technology, which eventually led to its devastation by a nuclear apocalypse in the year 2077 (referred to as the Great War), caused by a major international conflict between the United States and China over natural resources and the last remaining supplies of untapped uranium and crude oil. The game is set within a post-apocalyptic, open world environment that encompasses a scaled region consisting of the ruins of Washington, D.C., and much of the countryside to the north and west of it, referred to as the Capital Wasteland. It was released worldwide in October 2008 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, and Xbox 360. The game marks a major shift in the series by using 3D graphics and real-time combat, replacing the 2D isometric graphics and turn-based combat of previous installments. The third major installment in the Fallout series, it is the first game to be developed by Bethesda after acquiring the rights to the franchise from Interplay Entertainment. With the above mods, you can change the way you approach the whole follower aspect in Fallout 4.Fallout 3 is a 2008 action role-playing game developed by Bethesda Game Studios and published by Bethesda Softworks. The mod starts off with a quest and later on you can recruit her as a companion and be the post-apocalyptic Bonnie and Clyde. Well now if you are the male Sole Survivor, you can resurrect your spouse Nora and roam the Commonwealth together to find your son Shaun. ![]() Fallout 4 starts off with you seeking revenge for your spouse who was unjustly killed. ![]() Contains 11 natural nootropics for supporting mood, motivation, and stress relief.Reducing stress and promoting relaxation with L-theanine and Rhodiola RoseaĬlick Here For Best Price › Mind Lab Pros.Protecting the brain against age-related damage with Lion’s Mane Mushroom.Supporting new nerve growth and regeneration with Bacopa Monnieri.Improving brain energy metabolism and blood flow with Alpha GPC (choline).When Citicoline is stacked (combined) with other nootropic ingredients, as in Mind Lab Pro, this nootropic supplement can further enhance the effects of citicoline on depression by: ![]() The severity of depressive symptoms was measured at the beginning of the study and then again at weeks 2, 4, and 6 using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS).Ĭompared to the placebo group, those taking Citicoline saw much HDRS score improvements from baseline at weeks 2, 4, and 6, thus proving Citicoline's effectiveness as an add-on therapy for major depressive disorder patients also taking SSRIs. The study consisted of 2 groups who were given either citicoline or a placebo twice daily for 6 weeks. A randomized, double-blind trial was conducted on 50 people with severe major depressive disorder (MDD) who were taking citalopram (an SSRI). In treating depression, Citicoline has been demonstrated to work well when combined with traditional SSRIs. Low levels of acetylcholine are linked to depression and poor cognitive function. Citicoline is a substance that boosts levels of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). Mind Lab Pro is a nootropic blend containing 11 cognitive-enhancing ingredients. The best nootropics for depression, according to scientific evidence, are: ![]() Let's take a closer look at how these substances can be used in people with depression. Nootropics are smart drugs or supplements that improve cognitive function, including memory, creativity, focus, motivation, and attention. Luckily there are many effective treatments for depression, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and antidepressant medication.īut what if there were a way to prevent or cure depression with natural substances? Depression can lead to suicide at its worst.Įvery year, over 700 000 individuals die from suicide, the fourth major cause of death among teenagers aged 15-19. A frequent, mild, to severe form of depression can negatively impact a person's health, resulting in great anguish and difficulties in performing daily tasks. It differs from normal mood swings and temporary emotional reactions to everyday problems. ĭepression is a serious mental illness that affects millions of people worldwide. I'll also cover the potential risks and side effects you may run into and the benefits you can expect.Īccording to the World Health Organization, depression is a widespread disease affecting 3% of the worldwide population, 5.0% of adults, and 5.7% of those aged 60 years or older. In this article, I'll look closely at the 8 best nootropics for depression. This mod makes a variety of fixes, tweaks, and expansions to the Awakening and Origins content, in. Many of the features work automatically, but some require further support within the campaign. If your game is fully patched, the version should be 12, so you should need to change it to 13 (unless your mod folder version is higher than that for some reason). The Awakening in the OC mod adds the base data from Awakening expansion to the Origins campaign, adding a variety of features to the original game. If you have mods, the easiest thing to do is remove your mod folder (default name is Patch_ModManagerMerge, though you may have named it something else) temporarily (just move it out of the Program Files > Origin Games > Dragon Age Inquisition > Update folder, shove it on the desktop or something), then change the package.mft file in Update > Patch (use notepad) so the version matches that in your (now removed) mod folder (this is so you can load your game, the version number has to match or be higher than it was when you saved). Does Blank Vellum have any purpose 18 posts 1 2 Next 18 posts 1624421. Get so sick of listening to that song! ). Let us know how you go or if you need more you using mods? This is the one place in the vanilla game where mods cause an issue (something I manage to forget every single time I play. If you are not using mods, something else must be going on, please post a dxdiag, instructions can be found in the spoiler section of this sticky. Remember to change the package.mft file in your Patch folder back to 12 after returning your mod folder. Once you get through the white screen and have regained control of your character, you can save the game and undo everything you just did. If your game is fully patched, the version should be 12, so you should need to change it to 13 (unless your mod folder version is higher than that for some reason). ![]() If you have mods, the easiest thing to do is remove your mod folder (default name is Patch_ModManagerMerge, though you may have named it something else) temporarily (just move it out of the Program Files > Origin Games > Dragon Age Inquisition > Update folder, shove it on the desktop or something), then change the package.mft file in Update > Patch (use notepad) so the version matches that in your (now removed) mod folder (this is so you can load your game, the version number has to match or be higher than it was when you saved). A couple different things people have tried for the Lothering crashing issue: Right-click the game in Steam/Origin (whichever version you have) and select the option to verify the integrity of the game cache (Steam) or repair (Origin) Try adding '-dx9' minus the quotation marks into the launch options to force the game to stick with DirectX9. Get so sick of listening to that song! ). There is a use to blank vellum, in the anvil of the void chamber you will be able to copy the list of names in the stone golem and give that list to the shaperate.Conection to the Shale quest possible,but cant be sure.Apart from this use, they serve only to sell. you using mods? This is the one place in the vanilla game where mods cause an issue (something I manage to forget every single time I play. ![]() See this article for details on where to find and set your OpenVPN credentials.Ģ. Proton VPN employs two sets of credentials, your Proton account credentials, used to log in on our homepage (or to your email if you are a Proton Mail user), and your OpenVPN credentials, which are used to authenticate with the VPN servers if you are using a 3rd party OpenVPN application.įor security reasons, you must use your OpenVPN credentials and not your Proton credentials when logging in via third party VPN applications. Make sure you are using your OpenVPN credentials ( and not your Proton credentials). Verify that you’re using correct OpenVPN credentials Please try the following steps to fix the problem:ġ. If you encounter this error, there are a number of things you can try to remedy this situation. Quick steps to fix an Authentication Failure error For more details, check out the different Proton VPN Plans. Free users get 1 connection, while Proton Plus users get up to ten connections. Different plans have different maximum number of simultaneous sessions.
![]() The static will be replaced with parts from the rap song "Gimme 20 Dollars" by Ron Browz.įrom version 0.9.5 on, successfully completing the game for the first time unlocks "MH mode" (which is based on the Slender Man mythos based web series Marble Hornets). If the player beats the daytime mode, they can unlock "$20 mode". Although you don't have a Flashlight to care about Slender will be able to see you easier as it's daytime. It also plays with one's mind since the Slender Man is now always visibly stalking the player. The forest is illuminated, but avoiding the Slender Man is very hard. If playing on a version higher than 0.9.3, the player can unlock a mode where they can play during the daytime. If the player manages to collect all the pages, they will be forced to continue trying to escape, but will inevitably be taken. He will be standing there, thus making forward locomotion the only option, and moving through the small building impossible without losing. It is highly likely, the more the flashlight is used and the more pages the player has, that the Slender Man will warp behind the player, forcing them into a trap where they cannot turn around in fear. When the character does pass out, or if the Slender Man suddenly appears in front of the player with no warning, the screen will be bombarded with static, while the Slender Man's face will appear rapidly and the screen cuts out, reverting back to the main menu. When the player sees the Slender Man, the screen will be assaulted by static, making the character slowly pass out. The flashlight, while on, illuminates the area, but also makes it easier for the Slender Man to chase the target. The player can shut the flashlight off and conserve energy, which also makes it harder for the Slender Man to chase the player, but makes it very difficult to see. Once you collect 6 pages, Slender Man will automatically spawn behind you. As the player starts to gather more pictures, the Slender Man will be more and more fervent in his chase, and will begin to chase the player more aggressively. The Slender Man will start stalking the player once they gathered the first page (or if they take too long to find the page). ![]() If no pages are collected in a certain amount of time (estimated at 2 minutes or so), Slender Man will start searching for you. As the player collects pages, the music will become more and more intense, and add various noises which cause the player to begin to become nervous (For example: The first page you collect, a booming sound will start in the distance and will grow louder as the Slender Man grows closer to the character, then stop when the Slender Man is very near you). The cramped trees make determining the Slender Man's location difficult, adding to the creepy atmosphere. The forest is very large and very dark, with a fence that goes around the perimeter, stopping your character from escaping the playing field. The pages are randomly posted, and are able to be collected in any order. This is mainly the most popular way to go in the game.The Page location's and the blue outlines of the map in slender the eight pages to help you beat it. The notes are placed in 8 of the 10 following locations. Such as: The player is a proxy controlled by Slender Man.) (Speculation is that the character is just curious about the origins of these pages, but other "theories" do exist. The reason these images are posted about the forest, or why your character wants them, is not explained. Your character must go into a dark forest filled with various trees and objects, and must locate eight pages that have very poorly scribbled images of the Slender Man, with phrases like "HELP ME" or "NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO" on them, based off the pages seen in Marble Hornets. The only item that your character has is a flashlight, which otherwise has no ability to hinder or stop the entity stalking your character. Your character is stranded in the woods alone, and is stuck with no weaponry or defense. The story of the game is not defined or explained. Pau cano,universal image,VIS Games,Profi Developers,unity technology ![]() The resulting image is characterized by elegant line and detail, an appealing inner glow, subtle but luminous color effects, and a soft sheen. The careful technique and beautiful natural materials are similar to those used by the Old Masters. Several layers of highlights and transparent washes are applied over dark background colors. Egg tempera paint is hand-mixed of natural pigments (mostly pulverized minerals) in an emulsion of egg yolk with wine (or vinegar and water). The image is written in 23 or 24 karat gold leaf and egg tempera on a wood board covered with a layer of cloth and many coats of smooth white gesso, also known as levkas, concocted of chalk, marble dust, and animal-skin glue. Every material and step is symbolic, and part of a coherent system of symbolic meanings. ![]() The process requires a series of carefully executed steps, each of which takes an hour or two, for a total of at least 40 hours. This method, in itself devotional and ritualized, produces a “liturgically correct” icon, using only natural materials. 1370-1430), the famous Russian iconographer-monk. It is based primarily on the work of Saint Andrei Rublev (c. Andrejev learned this method secretly under the Soviet regime. The Prosopon Method: Although I have taken workshops with several instructors, I am most strongly drawn to the method of Vladislav Andrejev and his associates of the Prosopon School, with whom I have been studying since May 1997. They project an intense psychological presence, and may seem to return your gaze, or even to initiate the scrutiny. The holy figures are shown in a blessed state, suffused with golden light. Icons have been described as “windows into heaven” and as “making the invisible visible.” Even though somber events may be depicted, there is an underlying mood of confidence, joy, and sometimes a playful humor. ![]() Light comes primarily from within the figure. Folds in the garments converge and spiral into power points hair curls and waves with the saint’s energies and increasingly bright layers of highlights symbolize levels of consciousness. The image is diagrammatic as well as representational, floating on a sea of philosophy, theology, and mathematics. Perspective is flattened or even inversed. Out of respect for the commandment against graven images, Orthodox icons avoid strongly three-dimensional effects but the complex cubist-like highlights hint at spiritual dimensions. Both eyes and at least one ear must be visible to enable the holy figure to see and hear the viewer. The forehead (seat of the intellect) and the collar bone (gateway to the heart) are emphasized. Figures are elongated, eyes large and shadowed, eyebrows arched, noses long and straight, mouths closed, hands gracefully stylized. The underlying drawing is geometrically structured and proportioned. In iconography, a number of artistic rules and conventions apply. Other types include faces, full-length figures, traditional group scenes representing special days in the church calendar, and illustrations of Bible stories and legends of the saints. The most familiar icons are half-figures of Jesus, Mary holding the Christ Child, angels, saints, apostles, and prophets. Most historic examples are paintings in egg tempera on wood others are mosaic, fresco, embroidery, tapestry, precious metals, and enamel. There are numerous icon styles, most prominently Greek, Russian, Coptic, and Ethiopian. The discipline continues to evolve as a living art form. In recent years, iconography has attracted increased interest and many new practitioners. They were developed during the long-lived Byzantine Empire (330-1453) and its descendant cultures. Icons are strongly rooted in classical Greek and Roman art. More than just sacred art, icons are treated with great reverence, as part of an active relationship with the holy. Small icons may function as meditation objects and prayer companions. An Orthodox home will typically include a “beautiful corner,” where icons are displayed on a special shelf, and are greeted by visitors prior to greeting the residents. Each Orthodox church is adorned by an altar screen (iconostasis) covered with icons, as well as portable icons on stands. Some are reputed to perform healing miracles. These traditional images have historically been revered as equivalent in authority to Holy Scripture, as a visual expression of the Word of God. Some History and Background: “Icon” means simply “image.” The term here refers to sacred images, specifically those developed in the Orthodox Christian tradition. |